Therefore, the aim of the current systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the therapeutic efficacy of ESWT in athletes with patellar tendinopathy.
#PIEZO WAVE FOR KNEES PROFESSIONAL#
Neither have clear-cut recommendations for professional and amateur athletes been developed regarding the optimal ESWT variables. Conservative treatment unsuccessful after 3 to 6 month therapy may indicate a need for surgery ( Rodriguez-Merchan, 2013).Īlthough extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) has long been used as a conservative treatment for patellar tendinopathy, its curative effect on degenerative changes within tendons has not been fully elucidated. Other therapeutic options include the use of infrapatellar straps ( Dar and Mei-Dan, 2019) and platelet rich plasma, high-volume image-guided injections of saline ( Abate et al., 2018). Pain reduction involves physical interventions, e.g., laser therapy, sonotherapy or transfer energetic capacitive and resistive therapy (commonly referred to as TECAR therapy) ( Costantino et al., 2005). Clinical manifestations in athletes tend to be moderate, but long-lasting causing the sufferers to seek effective therapies ( Kettunen et al., 2002) which would allow them to return to professional sports and physical activity.Įarly symptoms of jumper’s knee are usually managed conservatively. Fifty-five per cent of active athletes with patellar tendinopathy report a negative impact on their sports performance, while 16% admit reduced work ability ( de Vries et al., 2015). Patellar tendinopathy reduces the quality of life and interferes with engagement in vigorous physical and frequently, also professional sports activity. Non-jumping and repetitive low loading activities (e.g., swimming, running, cycling) do not put much stress on the patellar tendon and therefore, the risk of developing jumper’s knee is rather low ( Rhind et al., 2022 Rudavsky and Cook, 2014). The highest prevalence was found among volleyball players, i.e., 14.4% and 44.6% in Lian et al.’s (2005) and Zwerver et al.’s (2011) studies, respectively, and basketball players (31.9%) ( Lian et al., 2005). The type of sports training also affects the prevalence of jumper’s knee ( Lian et al., 2005). Hence, athletes that jump frequently during competition and practice are at an increased risk of developing patellar tendinopathy with the overall prevalence from 8.5 to 14.2% ( Lian et al., 2005 Zwerver et al., 2011). A literature review has found that horizontal landing poses the greatest risk for patellar tendinopathy ( Van der Worp et al., 2014). Patellar tendinopathy (commonly called jumper’s knee) is a degenerative condition of the knee extensor mechanism which is caused by overloading and accumulation of microinjuries ( Rudavsky and Cook, 2014).
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